500 Science General Knowledge Question Answer

 BIOLOGY  is the study about life science and it is totally describe on all living things . It is a very vast subject in my opinion and if you have a great mind and thinking power , courage than you can start learning about biology. It is an universal studies . Biology give  you better platform for encouraging your future. Basically, I want to say that, you may find your journey through biology. Knowledge will give you everything about biology that why you will present it very smoothly and effectively. So that i have prepared the best in my 500 Science General Knowledge Question Answer and it is completely based on NCERT pattern for various competitive entrances, bank job,  clerk job , SI of police, Railways, OTET, CTET, SSC, OSSC and other examination.   

500 Science General Knowledge Question Answer

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100 easy general knowledge questions and answers

Average body weight                      -         70 kg

 

Normal  body  temperature    -               98 4° F or 37°C

 

Breathing rate                    -                       16-20/minute

 

Dental formula                              -            (a)    adult: 2123/2123 = 32;

                                                                      (b)     child: 2102/2102 = 20 milk teeth

 

Number of cranial nerves     -                  12 pairs

 

Number of spinal  nerves     -                   31 pairs

 

Largest vein      -                                         Inferior venacava

 

Largest W.B.C.     -                                     Monocyte

 

Smallest W.B.C.    -                                   Lymphocyte

 

Longest nerve       -                                   Sciatic

 

Longest cell      -                                        Neuron (nerve cell)

 

Length of alimentary    canal     -          Approximately 8 metres

 

BMR (Basal metabolic rate)    -           1600 K. Cal/day

 

Number of cells in body      -                75 trillion

 

Longest bone        -                                 Femur (Thigh bone)

 

Smallest bone       -                                 Ear ossicle , stapes

 

Weight of brain    -                                1400 gms

 

Blood volume   -                                    6-8 litres (in 70 kg body)

 

Normal B.P.         -                                 120/80 mm Hg

 

Number of R.B.C.  -                             (a) In male: 4.5-5.0 million/cubic mm

                                                                (b) In female: 4.0-4.5 million/cubic mm

Life span of R.B.C.        -                      120 days

 

Largest  endocrine gland  -                Thyroid

 

Gestation period     -                          9 months (253-266 days)

 

Normal heart beat   -                         72-75/minute

 

Largest gland   -                                   Liver

 

Largest muscle in the body    -          Gluteus maximus (Buttock muscle)

 

Largest smooth muscle   -                  Uterus of pregnant woman

 

Smallest muscle in the  body    -       Stapedius

 

Largest artery      -                               Abdominal aorta

 

Normal W.B.C. count          -             5000-10000/cubic mm

 

Life span of W.B.C.       -                     3-4 days

 

D.L.C. (Differential Leucocyte Count) -   (a) Basophils-0-5-19%

                                                                        (b) Eosinophils-1-3%

                                                                        (c) Monocytes-3-8%

                                                                       (d) Neutrophils-40-70%

                                                                       (e) Lymphocytes-2-25%

 

Blood platelets count             -               2,00,000-4,00,000/cubic mm

 

Haemoglobin          -                   (a) In male : 14-15-6 gm/100 c.c. of blood

                                                       (b) In female : 11-14 gm/100 c.c. of blood

 

Hb content in body    -                            500-700 gm O Rh-ve

 

Universal   blood recipient     -               AB Rh+ve

 

Universal blood donor     -                      O Rh-ve

 

Blood clotting time        -                         2-5 minutes

 

 

Menstrual cycle     -                                 28 days

 

Menopause age       -                              45-50 years

 

Minimum regeneration power    -       In brain cells

 

Minimum distance for proper vision   -    25 cm

 

Type of placenta       -                             Haemochorial

 

Pulse rate    -                                           72/minute

 

Volume of semen    -                            2-4 ml/ejaculation

 

Normal sperm count    -                     200-350 million/ejaculation

 

Erythrocyte  sedimentation rate   -      4-10 min./hour

 

Thinnest skin        -                                 Conjunctiva

 

pH of gastric juice   -                               1.4

 

pH of urine    -                                         6.0

 

pH of blood      -                                      7.35-7.45

 

 pH of bile      -                                        7.5

 

pH of pancreatic juice     -                    8.5

 

Total number of bones in the body     -  206

 

Largest organ  of human body       -       Skin

 

Food contains  Carbohydrates, Fats, Proteins, Minerals, Vitamins, Water and Roughage.

 

 A  normal balanced diet person  should have approx. 1/5 protein, 1/5 fat and 3/5 carbohydrate.

 

Carbohydrates provide energy to us (main sources).

 

Carbohydrates  Constitute 3 elements  i.e  Carbon, Hydrogen and Oxygen (one gm  carbohydrates  gives  us  17 kJ of energy) .

 

The carbohydrates of the food eaten, after me carbohydrates  being processed in the alimentary canal, are supplied to the tissues mainly as glucose, often called blood sugar.

 

An adult man of average weight needs about 500 gms. of carbohydrates daily.

 

Cellulose is present in the cell-wall of plants.

 

The sweetest of sugars is called as D-fructose (found in fruit juices, honey, etc.)

 

 A  process by which excess suger is stored in liver is called glycogenesi (Excess sugar called as glycogerin).

 

A  process by which sugar is still left is converted into fatand stored in various parts of the body as adipose tissue called lipogenesi.

 

Main Sources of Carbohydrates are in wheat, rice and maize, sugarcane (contains sucrose), milk (contains lactose), fruits, honey, beetroot etc.

 

An enzyme called Lipase digests fats.

 

Fat breaks down into Fatty Acids and Glycerol.

 

Excess of saturated fats increases the blood-cholesterol level and may cause arteriosclerosis( may lead to heart attack).

 

A few fatty acids are left in the body while many fatty acids are synthesized, and  they must be present in the diet. They are called essential fatty acids.

 

Vitamins A, D, E, and K are fat-soluble,  these can only be digested, absorbed, and transported in conjunction with fats.

 

Hydrogenation is a  Process by which unsaturated fatty acids are converted into saturated fatty acids by the addition of hydrogen.

 

Proteins made up of Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen and sometimes Sulphur.

 

For healthy growth and repair of our body needs  75% of proteins only.

 

Amino Acids are two types i.e  essential amino acid (cannot be synthesised in the body) and non-essential amino acid (can be synthesised in the body).

 

Cholesterol is a waxy, like  fat found in all cells of the body.

 

Our body needs some cholesterol to make hormones, Vitamin D, and substances that help us digest foods.

 

Lipoproteins  refers  that Cholesterol travels through our  bloodstream in small packages.

Arteries are blood vessels that carry blood from heart to the whole body.

 

HDL (high-density lipoproteins) cholesterol is called  good  cholesterol.

LDL  (low-density lipoproteins) cholesterol  is called  bad cholesterol .

 

Proteins are first broken into amino acids and then digested.

 

An  enzymes  act as an  digestion  component (i.e Pepsin, Trypsin)

 

A hormone  that  regulate body functions (i.e  Insulin,  Glucogon)

 

Haemoglobin  transports of oxygen in blood.

 

Myoglobin Stores oxygen in muscles.

 

Collagen is a  structural  Proteins ,Component of connective tissue, bones, tendons, cartilage.

 

Keratin  is a structural  Component of skin, feathers, nails, hair.

 

Protective proteins  ( gamma globulins)  protect against infections.

 

Visual proteins  are Rhodopsin and lodopsin of rods and cones

 

Rods and Cones are the cells which are present in Retina of the eye.

 

Sources of visual proteins Groundnuts, soyabean, pulses, lean meat, fish, eggs, milk, etc.

 

Malnutrition is severally found in  the age-group of 1-5 years. It causes due to inadequate intake of food (absence of  proteins) both in quantity and quality.

 

Kwashiorkar  occurs due to the deficiency of protein when mother stops breast feeding and child neglected food.

 

Due to retention of water skin becomes dark and scaly, enlarged liver, anaemia  is called Oedema.

 

Marasmus is a deficiency of proteins, carbohydrates and fats. Symptoms  Losing of body weight, wasting of muscles, ribs look prominent in children between 6 months and 3 years.

 

Inorganic chemical elements, called Minerals which is more needed to human being. These elements are present in the form of ions.

 

Minerals help to maintain the volume of water necessary for life processes in the body.

 

Metabolic disorder is a negative process of body and distribution of proteins ,fat and carbohydrates.

 

Milk is a poor source of iron.

 

Vitamins helps in different physiological process .It does not provide energy to our body ,it was introduced by Casimir Funk

 

There are two types of  Vitamins  i.e Water Soluble Vitamin (Vitamins B-complex and C)   and  Fat Soluble (  Vitamin A, D, E and K).

 

Vitamin D is also considered a hormone.

 A normal body weight contains 65% of  Water for the proper growth and development of our body .It helps in digestion, transportation and regulate the body function.

 

Roughage is a fibrous material present in the cell wall of plants.

 

Cellulose contains carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms  does  not provide energy but only helps in retaining water in the body.

 

Obesity , B.P ,heart problems ,diabetes, hypertension and other disorders   occurs due to excessive intake of food calories .

 

Excessive intake of saturated fats leads to hypercholesterolemia.

 

Mycobacterium tuberculosis, a bacteria  causes infection in lungs where it produces a toxin called tuberculin, causes high fever.

 

Dr. Robert Koch was discovered of Mycobacterium tuberculosis on March 24, 1882.

 

Corynebacterium diphtheria, a bacteria  grows in the membranes of respiratory  system and blocks the respiratory passage resulting in difficult breathing.

 

Edwin klebs  was discovered of Corynebacterium .

Bordetella Pertussis is a  bacteria begins with mild fever and an irritating cough leads to high whooping.

 

An infected babies and children due o whooping ,coughing stage lasts for approximately six weeks in some countries is called the 100 days' cough or cough of 100 days.

 

Cholera  was discovered by Robert Koch.

 

Cholera  caused by the bacteria vibrio comma transmitted through contaminated food and water. Cholera is an infection of small intestine. Vomiting ,muscle cramps ,dehydration are the common symptoms.

 

Diarrhoea ,a group of intestinal infectious diseases cause due to food poisoning , water.

 

Leprosy , a bacterium named Mycobacterium leprae. Leprosy is a chronic infection of the skin and other tissues including nerves. The infected part of the body become senseless .

 

Tetanus, also called as lockjaw (Nervous System), is an infection caused by a motile bacteria (Clostridium tetani), which is found in soil, dust and manure.

 

Pneumonia caused by Streptococcus pneumonia , a disease of lungs .Pneumonia is ditecteded by sudden chill, chest pain, cough, rapid shallow breathing and high temperature.

 

Typhoid is caused by Salmonella typhi which is found in the intestine of humans, Typhoid transmitted through food, milk and contaminated with intestinal water discharges either directly or through flies .

 

Plague   a disease of rat caused due to bite.

 

Anthrax is an infectious disease caused by Bacillus anthracis .It is commonly found in wild and domestic animals. Human can infected by anthrax through diseased animals.

 

Louis Pasteur a  French scientist developed the first effective vaccine for Anthrax in 1881.

 

Gonorrhoea ( a bacteria named  Neisseria gonorrhoeae ),which is found mainly in the semen and vaginal fluids of men and women who have the infection. It is spread through sexual contact.

 

Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs),  is transmitted through the sexual contact. It may avoid  the risk of infection by the proper use of precaution.

 

Syphilis is  a sexually transmitted disease (STD), caused by a bacteria Treponema Pilludum. The primary source  of this disease through sexual contact.

 

Botulismis caused by the bacterium Clostridium botulinum. It is spread through  both soil and water.

 

Mumps is caused by a virus named  Paramou (detected by painful swelling ).

 

Chicken pox is an airborne disease  caused by vericella-zoster virus, generally in children less than 10 yrs. Coughs and sneezes are the main symptoms of an infected person.

 

A Vaccine is a biological preparation that help to provides active immunity  for a particular disease.

 

Polio vaccine was discovered by  Jonas Salk in 1953.

 

Influenza is  basically  known as flu .   It causes respiratory  infection caused by influenza virus. Influenza spreads mainly from person to person by sneezing, coughing or talking .

.

Common cold caused by rhinovirus ( rhino' means nose) .Symptoms characterized headache, watery eyes, sneezing, excessive nasal secretions and cough.

 

Rabies virus caused by RNA virus also called Hydrophobia. This virus damages motor neurons of brain.

 

Vaccine against Rabies was developed by Louis Pasteur.

 

Hepatitis is the viral infection of liver.

 

Dengue fever  is viral disease  transmitted by the bite of female tiger mosquito Aedes  aegypti during

 

Nipah virus infection  is a viral infection caused by the Nipah virus . It can both spread between people and from other animals to people. The virus normally circulates through pig and bat.

 

Chikungunya  is an infection caused by the chikungunya virus. Common symptoms are fever and joint pain ,headache, muscle pain, joint swelling, and a rash .

 

chikungunya virus  is spread among people by two types of mosquitos viz. Aedes albopictus and Aedes aegypti.

 

Yellow fever caused by arbovirus (group of large number of virus) transmitted by the infected Aedes aegypti .

 

Bats is the main reason for Ebola virus which causes fever in humans and other animals . Ebola virus is transmitted to people from wild animals .

 

Zika virus is a virus  first detected from a monkey in Zika forest in Uganda.

 

Zika virus is a mosquito-transmitted infection related to dengue, yellow fever and West Nile virus.

 

Malaria disease spread by the female Anopheles mosquito. Common symptom are fever and headache .

Ascariasis  is a disease caused by Ascaris lumbricoides .It is transmitted through Cockroach and Flies.

 

Filariasis  is a disease caused By Wucheraria  bancrofti. Spread by female Culex mosquito.

 

Filariasis is also known as  Elephantiasis ,due enlargement of body parts like legs.

 

Taeniasis  is  a disease  caused by Taenia solium spread through pig  .

 

Ringworm caused by Microsporum ad Spreads by unbathed cats, dogs or infected persons. In this, sores are formed which become reddish and contain blisters.