GK QUESTIONS WITH ANSWER ABOUT ATMOSPHERE
GK QUESTIONS WITH ANSWER ABOUT ATMOSPHERE
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GK QUESTIONS WITH ANSWER about Atmosphere
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ATMOSPHERE
Almost all the Atmosphere
(97 %) lies within 29 km of the
earth's surface.
The atmosphere is a mixture
of a layer of gases enveloping the earth, held to it by gravitational
force.
About 50 km the Atmosphere is composed
Nitrogen 78.09%
Oxygen 20.95%
Argon 0.93%
Carbon dioxide
0.03%
Water vapour, an absorbs the insolation coming from the sun
,reducing the amount reaching the earth surface.
Carbon dioxide is
important for absorption of heat from the sun as well as from the earth. A high
concentration of carbon dioxide leads to Greenhouse
Effect.
The average
temperature of the earth is 14°C.
LAYERS OF ATMOSPHERE
TROPOSPHERE is
the earth`s nearest surface.
All weather phenomenon occur in TROPOSPHERE .Densest of all and contains water
vapour, moisture and dust.
TROPOSPHERE varies from 8 km at the poles to 16 km at the
equator.
Dust particles
present in TROPOSPHERE hold the water vapour and contribute to
the occurrence of twilight and the red
colours of sunlight and sunset.
Tropopause
separates troposphere from stratosphere. Here, temperature drops to -45°C at 8
km and to -80°℃ at 16 km height.
STRATOSPHERE (Extends
from 16 km to 50 km height).
Stratosphere
provides ideal conditions for flying
large airplanes.
Ozonosphere contains
Ozone (25-30 km from earth's surface) .
Ozonosphere absorbs
the ultra-violet rays from the sun(UV
rays are the electromagnetic radiation
with wavelength between 10 nm and 40 nm)
Ozonosphere has a
comparatively higher temperature due
to the absorption of ultra-violet radiation from the sun .
A jet stream is
defined as a current of rapidly moving air that is usually several thousand
miles long and wide, but is relatively thin about (8 to 15 km).
Jet streams are
some of the strongest winds in atmosphere.
MESOSPHERE (Up to
80 km)
In Mesosphere, the temperature decreases with height and
falls to about-100°C at 80 km
height.
GK QUESTIONS WITH ANSWER for SSC,CGL,CHSL
Ultra Violet
radiations, which are classified according to their wavelength can penetrate the skin.
IONOSPHERE OR THERMOSPHERE (Extends to about 500-600 km)
IONOSPHERE OR THERMOSPHERE contains electrically
charged particles that reflect the
radio waves back to the earth thus making radio
communication possible.
IONOSPHERE OR
THERMOSPHERE protects earth from harmful radiation.
The International
Space Station (155 between 33 and 435 km) and satellites orbit is situated in this layer.
EXOSPHERE (Made
of helium and hydrogen)
The outer part of Exosphere is called Magnetosphere. •
The final boundary between the earth and the outer space is called 'Magnetopause.
Nitrogen is a
relatively inert gas, and is an important constituent of all organic compounds.
The main function of
nitrogen is to control combustion by diluting oxygen.
Water Vapour is
the source of precipitation and clouds.
Dust particles
are responsible for the orange and red
colours at sunset and sunrise and for the length of dawn ,dusk and twilight
.
The blue colour
of the sky is also due to selective scattering SAY by dust particles.
Dawn: A light in
the sky before sunrise.
Dusk : the darker
stage of twilight.
Twilight: the soft glowing light from the sky when
the sun is below the horizon, caused by the reflection of the sun's rays .
INSOLATION refers
to incoming Solar Radiation. Insolation
is the energy received on the earth's surface from the sun.
Radiation: Heat transfer from one body to
another without actual contact or movement. It is possible in relatively
emptier space, for instance, from the sun to the earth through space.
Conduction : Heat
transfer through matter by molecular
activity. Heat transfer in iron and
other metals is by conduction.
Air moving in a
particular direction is called wind.
Air always moves from areas of high pressure to those with low pressure. The
slope of the pressure from high to low is known as Pressure Gradient and the direction of this gradient decides the
direction of winds.
Atmospheric Pressure
is the pressure that the air exerts on earth's surface by virtue of its weight.
Barometer an
instrument used to measure Atmospheric
Pressure.
Isobars are lines
connecting places having equal pressure.
The Isobar are
generated from mean sea level
pressure reports and the pressure values are given in millibars.
DOLDRUMS refers
to Wind speed low.
Important winds:
Pampero cold wind in Argentina and Uruguey.
Berg hot, dry wind from Kalahari Desert to
South Africa
Haboob hot, dry dust storm in Sahara desert
,Sudan and Arabian Peninsular
Chinook hot, dry wind in Rockies also called
“snow eater”
Foehn hot and dry wind on Eastern Alps
Harmattan hot and dry wind blowing outward from the
interior of South Africa also called Doctor wind or Guinea Doctor
Solano hot ,moist wind for Sahara towards
lberian Peninsula.
Sirocco hot, moist wind from Sahara to Mediterranean Sea
Khamsin hot, dry wind in Egypt
Bora hot and cold wind blowing from Hungary to
Poland
Mistral very cold wind blow from Alps over France
Punas cold dry wind blow towards Andes
Blizzard very cold wind in Tundra Region
Brickfielder hot wind in Australia
Pugra cold wind in Siberia
GK QUESTIONS WITH ANSWER FOR KIDS
Levanter cold wind in
Spain
Santa Ana hot wind in Southern California in USA
Norwester hot wind in New Zealand
Bise cold and dry wind in
Switzerland
Black roller Plain of US
Yamo warm and dry wind in Japan
Papagayo cold
wind in Costa Rica, Mexico, Nicaraqua
Friagem cold wind in Amazon Valley
Etesian cold wind in Eastern Mediterranean
Surazo cold wind in Argentina ,Pampas and
Ptaqonia
Norte Strong ,cold wind in East Mexico
Cyclone is a system of very low
pressure in the center surrounded by increasingly high pressure outwards.
General direction of cyclones
in Bay of Bengal is from east to west.
Tropical Cyclones
are known as: Cyclones --in the Indian Ocean
Hurricanes –in the Caribbean Island
Typhoons -- in the China
Sea.
Willy-Willies-- in the North West Australia.
Tornadoes-- in Coastal US.
Twisters-- in Mississippi Valley, USA.
Tornadoes are
very strong tropical cyclones of a
smaller size.
Twisters are especially feared cyclone in the Mississippi Valley in US .
They are opposite to cyclones all respects. They are the
centers of high pressure with gentle outward.
Humidity refers
to the amount of water vapour
present in the air.
The ratio between the
amount of water vapour actually present in the air mass and the maximum
amount that the air mass can hold at
that temperature is called Relative Humidity.
Humidity is measured
by an instrument called hygrometer.
Another instrument used for the same purpose is sling psychrometer.
Dew is the
deposition of water droplets on the
ground. Dew is likely to occur on
clear and calm nights.
Fog is made of
the droplets of water suspended in the lower layers of the atmosphere,
resulting from the condensation of water vapour around nuclei of floating dust or smoke particles.
Mist is a suspended water droplets within the
lower layers of atmosphere.
Haze is formed by
water particles that have condensed
in the atmosphere.
A radiation which
is reflected from the earth is called Albedo.
Clouds are masses
of minute water droplets and/or ice crystals
formed by the atmosphere.
Nephoscope is the
instrument for measuring the altitude,
direction and velocity of clouds.
The falling of water,
snow or hail from the clouds and results when condensation is occurring
rapidly within a cloud is called as Precipitation.
Rainfall occurs
when the dew point of air is above the freezing
point.
Snow is produced
when condensation takes place at a temperature
below freezing point.
Hail consists of masses of ice with a layered structure.
It is caused when two air masses of different temperatures
meet is called Cyclonic or Frontal
Rainfall.
The continuous
movement of water on, above and below the surface of the Earth is called Water Cycle or Hydrological Cycle .
Infiltration is
the process by which water on the ground
surface enters the soil.
Infiltration is a
process of science is a measure of the rate at which soil is able to absorb
rainfall or irrigation.
The average weather conditions over large area is called the
climate of a place.
Tropical Rain Forest
Climate also called equatorial type of climate or Selvas .
Trees with longer roots, fire-resistant known as Llanos and Campos in South
America.
Sudan or Savanna or
Tropical Grassland region is known as 'Big
game country' as there is a variety of herbivores and carnivores.
DESERTS OF THE WORLD
(AREA-WISE)
Name Situated Country
Sahara -Algeria, Eritrea, Mauritania, Chad, Libya,
Egypt, Mali ,Morocco ,Niger, Sudan, Tunisia
Arabian - Iraq, Jordan, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi
Arabia, UAE, Yemen
Gobi -Mongolia, China
Kalahari -Angola, Botswana, Namibia, South Africa
GK QUESTIONS WITH ANSWER for Railways, Banking
Patagonian -Argentina, Chile
Great Victoria - Australia
Syrian - Syria, Iraq, Jordan, Turkey
Great Basin -USA
Chihuahuan -USA, Mexico
Great Sandy - Australia
Karakum -Turkmenistan
Colorado - USA
Sonoran - USA, Mexico
Taklamakan -China
Kaijil Kum - Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan,
Uzbekistan
Thar -India, Pakistan
Gibson -Australia
Simpson -Australia
Atacama -Chile, Peru
Mojave -USA
Nubian Desert is
in the eastern region of Sahara between Nile
and Red Sea.
Gobi is the
biggest cold desert in the
world(China and Mongolia ).
Vietnam and Thailand
is known as the rice bowl of world.
'Bread basket'
refers to those country who produce more
wheat and export them.
The Prairies(surplus
wheat production) are known as the 'Granaries of the World.
Natural vegetation
in Mediterranean Climate is known by different names: Chaparral (California),
Maquis (Southern Europe), Mallee (Australia), Matorral (Chile) and Fynbos
(South Africa).
The South American country Chile has Hot Desert.
Isobars -used to measure Equal pressure
Isobaths - used to measure Equal dept in sea
Isobronts - used
to measure thunder storm at the same
time
Isohaline -used to measure salinity
Isohels -used to measure sunshine
Isohyets -used to measure Rainfall
Isohypse -used
to measure Elevation above sea level
Isonif - used to measure snow
Isotherms - used to measure Tempereture
Isoneph - used to measure Cloudiness
Hydrosphere is
the name given to the mass of water that covers about 71% of the earth's surface.
The proportion of dissolved salts to pure water is called salinity.
The average salinity
in the oceans and seas is 35% ( 35
grams of salt in one litre of water).
Red Sea most saline sea in the world.
Wave is occured
due to the friction with the winds.
Corals are a kind
of calcareous rocks chiefly made of the skeletons of minute sea organisms
called 'polyps.
The Great Barrier
Reef of Australia is the largest barrier reef in the world.
A reef of narrow growing corals of horse shoe shape and crowned with palm trees is called an Atoll.
Transportation of water from one part of ocean to
another is called Ocean Current.
Sargasso Sea is a
region of the North Atlantic Ocean .
KIEL CANAL:
Between London and Baltic 98 km long links North
Sea with the Baltic Sea.
PANAMA CANAL:
Links between Atlantic Ocean and the
Pacific Ocean, Called Gateway to
Pacific 58 km long.
SUEZ CANAL: "Highway of India, it connects the Mediterranean Sea and the Red Sea(links
between Europe and Asia ).
Major Seas of the
world- South China Sea; Caribbean
Sea ,Mediterranean Sea; Bering Sea ,Sea
of Okhotsk
Largest river of
the world is Amazon about 6428 km .
Longest river of
the world is Nile about 6650 km.
The third longest
river is Yangtze (Chang Jiang) in
China.
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